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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 143(3): 320-328, mar. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-745629

ABSTRACT

Background: Suicide mortality rates are increasing among teenagers. Aim: To study the prevalence and predictive factors of suicide attempts among Chilean adolescents. Material and Methods: A random sample of 195 teenagers aged 16 ± 1 years (53% males) answered an anonymous survey about their demographic features, substance abuse, the Osaka suicidal ideation questionnaire, Smilksten familial Apgar. Beck hopelessness scale, Beck depression scale and Coppersmith self-esteem inventory. Results: Twenty five percent of respondents had attempted suicide at least in one occasion during their lives. These attempts were significantly associated with female gender, absent parents, family dysfunction, drug abuse, smoking, low self-esteem, hopelessness, depression and recent suicidal ideation. A logistic regression analysis accepted female gender, smoking and recent suicidal ideation as significant independent predictors of suicide attempt. Conclusions: Suicide attempted is common among teenagers and its predictors are female sex, smoking and previous suicidal ideation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Pregnancy , Acetaldehyde/metabolism , Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/genetics , Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism , Ethanol/toxicity , Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group A Protein/genetics , Fanconi Anemia/pathology , Acetaldehyde/toxicity , Animals, Newborn , DNA Damage , Disease Models, Animal , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Genome , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism , Isoenzymes/genetics , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Retinal Dehydrogenase/genetics , Retinal Dehydrogenase/metabolism
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(1): 145-151, fev. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-704018

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se a produção de oócitos e embriões de vacas Nelore in vitro e a resistência à vitrificação. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas Nelore, distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois tratamentos: T1-tratados com canola em grão (2,0kg/animal/dia) e T2-controle. Cada animal foi aspirado quatro vezes para obtenção de óocitos para fecundação in vitro. Os oócitos foram quantificados e classificados em viáveis ou inviáveis. Os zigotos foram cultivados in vitro e, sete dias após, os embriões foram avaliados quanto à qualidade e grau de desenvolvimento e vitrificados em hastes próprias. Na sequência, foram descongelados e cultivados em 6, 12 e 24 horas, observando-se a taxa de expansão e eclosão. Não houve diferenças (P>0,05) no número total de oócitos viáveis, T1=12,7% e T2=11,0%, na taxa de clivagem, T1=60,6% e T2=61,4%, e taxa de blastocistos, T1=23,7% e T2=27,0%, em função do tratamento. Também não houve influência na taxa de re-expansão, T1=70,5 e T2=59,6%, após a vitrificação e descongelamento. Todavia houve diferença (P<0,06) para a taxa de eclosão, T1=69,2 e T2=35,7. Conclui-se que a adição de canola na dieta de vacas não alterou a produção de embriões; entretanto, os embriões resultantes de oócitos coletados de vacas alimentadas com canola são mais resistentes à vitrificação.


It was evaluated the production of oocytes and embryos from Nellore cows in vitro, as well as its resistance to vitrification, when the animals were supplemented with canola grains. Twelve Nellore cows were randomly divided into two treatments: T1-treated with Canola grains (2.0kg/animal/day) and T2-control. Each animal was submitted to other four aspirations, to obtain oocytes for the in vitro fertilization. The oocytes were quantified and classified as viable or not viable. The embryos were cultivated in vitro, seven days after the quality and the level of development of embryos was evaluated and they were vitrified in vitrification straws. Then, the embryos were thawed and grown during 6, 12 and 24 hours, and the rate of expansion and hatching were recorded. There were no differences (P> 0.05) in the whole number of viable oocytes T1: 12.7±1.71 and T2: 11.0±1.77, cleavage rate T1= 60.6±4,72 and T2= 61.4±4.88 or blastocysts rate T1=23,7±5.12 and T2=27,0±5.30 due to the treatment. The treatments did not influence the rate of re-expansion T1= 70,5±6.99 and T2: 59.6±7.09 after vitrification and thawing. However, there was a significant difference (P <0.06) in the hatching rate (T1: 69.17±7.43; T2: 35.66±6.86). Thus, we conclude that supplementation with canola grains did not change embryos production, but the embryos yielded from oocytes of cows fed canola grains are more resistant to vitrification.


Subject(s)
Animals , Brassica napus , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Fertilization/physiology , Vitrification , Cattle/classification
3.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 51(4): 340-345, 2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-750887

ABSTRACT

It was reported the potential of MALDI-MS for the characterization of lipid species present in a single equine embryo, and studied some lipid structures detected by collision induced dissociation (CID) experiments. In the positive ion mode spectrum, it were observed mostly protonated and sodiated species of sphingomyelins (SM), phosphatidylcholines (PC) and triacylglycerols (TAG). In the negative ion mode, it were observed phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylinositols (PI). MS/MS spectrum of most intense lipid ions was performed to show MALDI-MS/MS structural information potential. MS/MS spectrum in the positive mode of m/z 760.6 (attributed as PC34:1) depicted characteristic PC fragments of m/z 184.1 (choline polar head), and the neutral loss (NL) of 183 (phosphorylcholine). For the ion of m/z 766.6 (attributed as PE 38:5), we observed the NL of 140, characteristic of PE. For the ion of m/z 808.7 (attributed as PC 38.5), besides the fragment at m/z 184.1 at the NL of 183, it was possible to observe the loss of trimethylamine (ion of m/z 749.6), and the cyclophosphane (ion of m/z 147.0). Finally, for the negative ion mode, we isolated and fragmented the ion at m/z 863.6, which was attributed as PI 36:1 due to the presence of m/z 153 (glycerol phosphate – H2 O-H), 223 (phospho inositol – 2H2 O-H), 241 (phospho inositol – H2 O-H), 281 (oleic acid), and 581.3 (lysophosphoinositol – H2 O-H). It was concluded that MALDI-MS allowed the detection of a broad range of PC, SM, PE, PI and TAG lipid species, as well as a fast and confident characterization of lipid structures from a single equine embryo.


É relatado o potencial da técnica de MALDI-MS para caracterizar espécies de lipídios presentes em um único embrião equino e estudadas algumas estruturas lipídicas detectadas por dissociação induzida por colisão (CID). No espectro de modo íon positivo, foram observadas espécies, principalmente, protonadas e sodiadas de esfingomielinas (SM), fosfatidileolinas (PC) e triacilgliceróis (TAG). No modo negativo, foram observadas fosfatidiletanolaminas (PE) e fosfatidilinositos (PI). Espectros de íons de lípidos com maior intensidade foram utilizados para demonstrar o potencial da informação estrutural por MALDI-MS/MS. O espectro no modo positivo de m/z (massa sobre carga) 760,6 (atribuída como PC34:1) apresentou características de fragmentos PC de m/z 184,1 (denominada cabeça polar de colina), além de perda neutral (NL) de m/z 183 (fosforilcolina). Para o íon de m/z 766,6 (atribuída como PE38:5), observou-se a NL de 140, característica do PE. Para o íon de m/z 808,7 (38,5 atribuído como PC), além do fragmento m/z 184,1 na NL de 183, foi possível observar a perda de trimetilamina (íon de m/z 749,6) e o ciclofosfano (íon de m/z 147,0). Finalmente, para o modo de íon negativo, foram isolados e fragmentados o íon de m/z 863,6 que foi atribuído como PI36:1, devido à presença de m/z 153 (fosfato de glicerol – H2 O-H ), 223 (inositol fosfo - 2H2 O-H) , 241 (fosfoinositol – H2 O-H), 281 (ácido oleico) e 581,3 (lisofosfoinositol – H2 O+H). Foi concluído que a MALDI - MS permite a detecção de uma ampla gama de espécies de PC, SM, PE, PI e TAG lipídicas, bem como a caracterização rápida e confiante de estruturas lipídicas a partir de um único embrião equino.


Subject(s)
Animals , Horses/classification , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Lipids/analysis
4.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 225-231, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-191846

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to investigate the expression of three genes related to early embryonic development in bovine transgenic cloned embryos. To accomplish this, development of bovine transgenic somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos was compared with non-transgenic embryos. Next, mRNA transcription of three specific genes (DNMT1, Hsp 70.1, and Mash2) related to early embryo development in transgenic SCNT embryos was compared between transgenic and non-transgenic SCNTs, parthenogenetic embryos, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. Transgenic SCNT embryos showed significantly lower rates of development to the blastocyst stage than non-transgenic ones. To investigate normal gene expression, RNA was extracted from ten blastocysts derived from parthenogenesis, IVF, non-transgenic, and transgenic SCNT embryos and reverse-transcribed to synthesize cDNA. The cDNA was then subjected to PCR amplification and semi-quantified. More DNMT1 mRNA was detected in the transgenic SCNT group than the other three groups. Hsp 70.1 mRNA was detected in the IVF embryos, while lower levels were found in SCNT and parthenogenetic embryos. Mash2 mRNA was present at the highest levels in transgenic SCNT embryos. In conclusion, the higher levels of methylation and lower protein synthesis after heat shock in the transgenic SCNT embryos expected based on our results may cause lower embryonic development.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Animals, Genetically Modified/genetics , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics , Cattle/embryology , DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Fertilization in Vitro , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Nuclear Transfer Techniques/veterinary , Parthenogenesis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Transcription, Genetic
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(6): 1616-1624, Dec. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-696839

ABSTRACT

A quercetina é um flavonoide, amplamente encontrada em frutas, vegetais, grãos, flores, com elevada concentração no vinho tinto, e tem sido caracterizada funcionalmente pela atividade antioxidante. Para avaliação da maturação nuclear e do desenvolvimento embrionário bovino, os oócitos foram maturados por 22h na presença de quercetina (0,4, 2, 10 e 50µM), cisteamina (100µM) e na ausência dos antioxidantes. Os oócitos maturados foram corados com Hoechst para avaliação da maturação in vitro. Para avaliação do desenvolvimento embrionário, os oócitos foram fertilizados e cultivados in vitro, as taxas de desenvolvimento embrionário foram determinadas no sétimo dia de cultivo e o percentual de eclosão e o número de células dos embriões no oitavo dia. Os níveis de glutationa (GSH) dos oócitos foram mensurados por emissão de fluorescência com CMF2HC. A porcentagem de maturação nuclear (±89%) não diferiu entre os grupos. O desenvolvimento embrionário variou entre os tratamentos, o percentual de blastocisto foi superior (P<0,05) nos grupos tratados com 0,4, 2, 10 e 50∝M de quercetina (56,9, 59,5, 53,6 e 49,6%, respectivamente) e com 100∝M de cisteamina (50,4%) em relação ao grupo controle (42,3%). Na comparação entre os dois antioxidantes, a quercetina (0,4 e 2µM) foi superior na produção de embriões (56,9 e 59,5%, respectivamente) em comparação com cisteamina (50,4%). As taxas de embriões eclodidos foram similares (P>0,05) entre os grupos (±63,0%). O número médio de células dos embriões também foi similar entre os grupos (±233). Os níveis intracelulares de GSH foram superiores nos oócitos maturados com cisteamina, mas similares entre os oócitos tratados com quercetina e o controle. A suplementação da maturação in vitro com antioxidantes melhora as taxas de blastocistos. A quercetina foi superior à cisteamina, que, por sua vez, foi superior ao controle. Mas os níveis de GSH foram superiores somente nos oócitos tratados com cisteamina.


Quercetin is a flavonoid widely found in fruit, vegetables, grains and flowers, with a high concentration in red wine, and has been functionally characterized by its antioxidant activity. For assessment of nuclear maturation and bovine embryo, oocytes were matured for 22h in the presence of quercetin (0.4, 2, 10 and 50µM), cysteamine (100µM) and in the absence of antioxidants. The matured oocytes were stained with Hoechst to evaluate the in vitro maturation. To assess embryonic development, oocytes were fertilized and cultured in vitro and rates of embryo development were obtained in the seventh day of culture and the percentage of hatching and the number of cells on eighth day embryos. The levels of glutathione (GSH) of the oocytes were measured by fluorescence emission with CMF2HC. The percentage of nuclear maturation (±89%) did not differ between groups. Embryonic development varied between treatments, the percentage of blastocyst was higher (P<0.05) in the groups treated with 0.4, 2, 10 and 50∝M of quercetin (56.9, 59.5, 53.6 and 49.6%, respectively) and 100 ∝M cysteamine (50.4%) compared to the control group (42.3%). Comparing the two antioxidants, quercetin (0.4 to 2µM) was superior in embryo production (56.9 and 59.5% respectively) compared with cysteamine (50.4%). The rates of hatched embryos were similar (P>0.05) between groups (±63.0%). The average number of embryo cells was also similar in both groups (±233). The intracellular GSH levels were higher in oocytes matured with cysteamine, but similar between the oocytes treated with quercetin and control. The supplementation of matured in vitro with antioxidants improves blastocyst rates. Quercetin was greater than cysteamine, which in turn was superior to the control. However, GSH levels were higher in oocytes treated only with cysteamine.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Antioxidants , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Oocytes/cytology , Cattle/classification , In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques
6.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(8): 1033-1040, ago. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-686082

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o período de inversão do saco vitelino bem como a dinâmica resultante deste processo na gestação inicial em preás, utilizando-se microscopia de luz, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão. No décimo segundo dia de gestação observou-se o desenvolvimento dos endodermas parietal e visceral delimitando a cavidade do saco vitelino. O endoderma parietal foi evidenciado revestindo a superfície fetal da placenta corioalantoidea bem como contornando o espaço delimitado pela decídua capsular. Estes endodermas apresentaram formato prismático e encontraram-se separados do trofoblasto por uma desenvolvida membrana de Reichert. Já o endoderma visceral continha vasos vitelínicos e possuía vilosidades apenas em determinadas áreas. No décimo quarto dia de gestação verificou-se a inversão do saco vitelino, caracterizada pela degeneração do endoderma parietal e trofoblasto mural, associado ao desaparecimento gradual da membrana de Reichert. Como consequência deste fenômeno, o endoderma visceral passou a constituir uma interface com o epitélio uterino. Após a inversão, o endoderma parietal que permaneceu íntegro foi aquele que se apoiava na superfície da placenta corioalantóidea, apresentando células em formato colunar alto e característica de epitélio pseudoestratificado. O endoderma visceral apresentou numerosas vilosidades apicais principalmente em regiões próximas a placenta corioalantóidea. Com o contínuo desenvolvimento do embrião e placenta corioalantóidea, observou-se o surgimento de importante área de aposição entre os endodermas visceral e parietal. A inversão do saco vitelino representou uma disposição anatômica favorável ao desenvolvimento embrionário, além de ser uma característica evolutiva nesta espécie de roedor.


The aim of this study was to study the time of yolk sac inversion as well as the dynamics resulting from this process in galea throughout pregnancy. For this, conventional histological techniques, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used. Parietal and visceral endoderm delimiting the yolk sac cavity was observed at 12 days of pregnancy. The parietal endoderm was coating the fetal surface of the chorioallantoic placenta as well as delimiting the decidua capsularis area. This endoderm had prismatic format and were apart from the trophoblast by an enlarged Reichert's membrane. The visceral endoderm had vitelline vessels and there were villi only in certain areas. At 14 days of pregnancy the yolk sac inversion was characterized by the degeneration of parietal endoderm and mural trophoblast, and also the gradual disappearance of the Reichert's membrane. So it made the visceral endoderm establish an interface with the uterine epithelium. After the inversion, the parietal endoderm which remained intact was the one that rested on the chorioallantoic placenta surface. It presented cells with high columnar format and pseudostratified epithelium featured. The visceral endoderm presented many apical villi, especially in areas close to the chorioallantoic placenta. The continued development of the embryo and chorioallantoic placenta evidenced the emergence of an important apposition area between visceral and parietal endoderm. The yolk sac inversion represented an anatomical arrangement in favor of the embryo development as well as an evolutionary trait in this rodent species.


Subject(s)
Animals , Endoderm/embryology , Yolk Sac/anatomy & histology , Guinea Pigs/classification , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(3): 722-728, June 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-679105

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se resultados de 1100 transferências de embriões, realizadas de novembro de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009, em um programa comercial de produção de embriões. Foram utilizados embriões ½ Holandês/Gir (n=139) e ¾ Holandês/Gir (n=961) de qualidade um e oitavo dia (D8) para transferência a fresco. As receptoras foram novilhas ½ Nelore/Simental, sincronizadas, usando-se o protocolo: dia zero (D0) - introdução do dispositivo intravaginal com 1g de progesterona + 2mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE); dia 5 (D5) - aplicação de 150μg de D-cloprostenol (PGF2α) + 400UI de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG); dia 8 (D8) ‒ remoção do dispositivo intravaginal; e dia 9 (D9) ‒ aplicação de 1mg de BE. Foram analisados os efeitos do grupo genético, o estágio de desenvolvimento e o tempo de cultivo do embrião, o lado do corpo lúteo (CL), o touro, o número de inovulações prévias realizadas em cada receptora e a sequência de horas de serviço gastas para realizar as inovulações sobre as taxas de prenhez e de perda da gestação. Apenas o tempo de cultivo do embrião influenciou a taxa de prenhez. Conclui-se que, ao utilizar embriões de excelente qualidade, um grande número de transferências de embriões pode ser executado por dia, sem comprometer a viabilidade da técnica de transferência.


We evaluated the results from 1100 embryo transfers performed from November 2008 to February 2009 by a commercial embryo transfer company. ½ Holstein/Gir (n = 139) or ¾ Holstein/Gir (n= 961) embryos in a grade of 1 and the eighth day (D8) for fresh transfer were used. The heifer recipients were ½ Nelore/Simmental, synchronized using the following protocol: Day zero (D0) - intravaginal device with 1g of progesterone + 2mg of estradiol benzoate (EB); Day five (D5) - application of 150μg of D-Cloprostenol (PGF2α) + 400UI of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG); Day eight (D8) - progesterone device removal and Day nine (D9) - application of 1mg of EB. The effects of genetic group, embryo's stage of development and cultivation time, side of the corpus luteum (CL), bull, number of previous transfers in each recipient and sequence of hours spent with transfer on the pregnancy rate and loss of gestation were analyzed. Only the embryo's cultivation time influenced the pregnancy rate. It is concluded that if using high quality embryos, a larger number of embryo transfers can be executed per day without compromising the viability of technology transfer.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Pregnancy/physiology , Cattle/classification , Fertilization in Vitro/methods
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(2): 397-403, abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-673114

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliadas taxas de gestação aos 15 dias e perda gestacional entre 15 e 60 dias em 430 transferências de embrião (TE) em éguas Mangalarga Marchador. Diagnósticos de gestação foram realizados entre 15 e 60 dias após TE. Para avaliar os efeitos da duração da fase folicular da receptora, foram formados três grupos: até três dias (<3d); quatro a seis dias (4-6d); sete ou mais dias (>7d). Para avaliar os efeitos do tamanho do folículo pré-ovulatório da receptora, foram formados outros três grupos: menor ou igual a 35mm (Ø<35); maior que 35 e menor ou igual a 45mm (35<Ø<45); maior que 45mm (Ø>45). Os grupos foram comparados pelo teste qui-quadrado (P<0,05). Quanto à duração da fase folicular, as taxas de gestação foram semelhantes (<3d - 83,1%; 4-6d - 86,4%; >d - 86,0%), e a perda gestacional maior em >7d (24,4%) que em <3d(12,0%) e 4-6d (13,3%), estas semelhantes entre si. Quanto ao tamanho folicular, as taxas de gestação foram semelhantes (Ø<35 - 86,4%; 35<Ø<45 - 86,5%; Ø>45 - 81,9%), assim como as de perda gestacional (Ø<35 - 13,2%; 35<Ø<45 - 18,1%; Ø>45 - 10,5%). Razões para a maior perda gestacional no grupo >7dnão foram esclarecidas, mas conclui-se que a duração da fase folicular pode ser fator de escolha de receptoras.


Pregnancy rates were evaluated at 15 days and pregnancy loss between 15 and 60 days on 430 embryo transfers (ET) in Mangalarga Marchador mares. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed between 15 and 60 days after ET. To evaluate the effects of the duration of the follicular phase of the recipient mare, three groups were formed: up to 3 days (<3d); 4 to 6 days (4-6d); 7 or more days (>7d). To evaluate the effects of the size of the pre-ovulatory follicle of the recipient mare, three other groups were formed: below or equal to 35mm (Ø<35); greater than 35 and below or equal to 45mm (35<Ø<45); greater than 45mm (Ø>45). The groups were compared by Chi-square test (P<0.05). Regarding the duration of the follicular phase, pregnancy rates were similar (<3d - 83.1%; 4-6d - 86.4%; >7d - 86.0%), and greater pregnancy loss in >7d (24.4%) than in <3d (12.0%) and 4-6d (13.3%), which were similar. Regarding the follicle size, pregnancy rates (Ø<35 - 86.4%; 35<Ø<45 - 86.5%; Ø>45 - 81.9%) and pregnancy loss (Ø<35 - 13.2%; 35<Ø<45 - 18.1%; Ø>45 - 10.5%) were similar. Reasons for the greatest pregnancy loss in the >7d group have not been elucidated, but we conclude that the duration of the follicular phase may be a factor for choosing recipient mares.


Subject(s)
Animals , Abortion, Veterinary , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Pregnancy/metabolism , Horses/classification
9.
Ces med. vet. zootec ; 6(1): 55-63, ene.-jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-616473

ABSTRACT

La producción in vitro de embriones (PIVE) en equinos es una técnica que genera incrementos en la eficienciareproductiva de especímenes de alto valor genético y comercial. A pesar de todos los estudios que se hanrealizado, la PIVE es una técnica con acceso y un éxito limitado, debido principalmente a las dificultades paraalcanzar tasas de fertilización eficientes mediante fertilización in vitro convencional, al igual que por las altasnecesidades en recursos técnicos y económicos para la fertilización mediante inyección intracitoplasmáticade espermatozoides (ICSI), entre otras limitaciones existentes para el desarrollo embrionario in vitro. En elmundo, se han evaluado múltiples alternativas para el mejoramiento de la PIVE en equinos, desde el uso dediferentes medios, fluidos, células, y moléculas, hasta la utilización de métodos alternativos para mejorar lastasas de fertilización como la ICSI en asociación de sustancias como el polivinilalcohol. Esta revisión exploralos avances investigativos y las expectativas futuras de aplicación de la técnica de PIVE en equinos.


The in vitro embryo production (PIVE) in horses is a technique that generates increases in reproductive efficiencyof high genetic and commercial value animals. Despite all the studies that has been made, PIVE is still atechnique with limited access and success, mainly due to difficulties to achieve efficient rates of fertilizationthrough conventional in vitro fertilization, as well as by the high needs in technical and economic resources for fertilization using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), among other limitations on in vitro embryonic development. In the world there have been evaluated multiple alternatives for improving the PIVE in horses: from the use of different means, fluids, cells and molecules, to the use of alternative methods to improve therates of fertilization through ICSI with the use of substances such as polyvinylalcohol. This review explores the research progress and future expectations for the application of the PIVE technique in horses.


A produção de embriões eqüinos in vitro (PIVE) é uma técnica que aumenta eficiência reprodutiva em espéciesde alto valor genético e comercial. Apesar de todos os estudos realizados, a PIVE é uma técnica de acesso eêxito limitados, principalmente devido à dificuldade de se alcançar taxas de fertilização eficientes diante dafertilização in vitro convencional, grande necessidade de recursos financeiros e técnicos para a fertilizaçãopor injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozóide (ICSI), entre outras limitações para o desenvolvimentoembrionário in vitro. Em todo mundo foram avaliadas várias alternativas para a melhoria da PIVE em eqüinos,desde a utilização de diferentes meios, fluidos, células e moléculas até a utilização de métodos alternativos paramelhorar as taxas de fertilização como a ICSI em associação com outras substâncias como o álcool polivinílico.Essa revisão aborda o progresso da pesquisa e as perspectivas futuras de aplicação da técnica PIVE em eqüinos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Fertilization in Vitro/instrumentation , Fertilization in Vitro/methods , Fertilization in Vitro/veterinary , Reproduction/physiology , Reproductive Techniques/instrumentation , Reproductive Techniques/veterinary
10.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 16(2): 77-82, 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1491386

ABSTRACT

A importância do (F1) para o Brasil é notória, associando rusticidade e produtividade, porém é grande a dificuldade do produtor em manter seu rebanho nesse grau de sangue. No laboratório da Embrapa Gado de Leite em Juiz de Fora, MG foram produzidos in vitro 266 embriões (F1), a partir de complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCO's) de vacas Gir puncionadas e fecundadas com sêmen de touro Holandês. Destes, 53 embriões foram transferidos a fresco para receptoras de rebanhos comerciais de uma Cooperativa da Zona da Mata, MG, enquanto 72 embriões foram inovulados em rebanho controlado da Embrapa Campo Experimental de Coronel Pacheco. A produção de embriões F1 por fecundação in vitro apresentou taxa de produção de blastocisto de 15,58%. A taxa de gestação obtida foi de 26,4% no rebanho comercial e 40,2% no rebanho da Embrapa. Considerando-se o nascimento de 50% de machos e fêmeas, conclui-se que em rebanhos de 100 vacas seriam obtidas 13 fêmeas (13% de reposição) nos rebanhos comerciais e 20 fêmeas (20% de reposição) no rebanho da Embrapa. Foram muitas as dificuldades de operacionalização para o uso de dessa biotecnologia que requer um mínimo de escrituração zootécnica, controle sanitário, observação de cios e manejo reprodutivo.


The importance of (F1) to Brazil is notable, associating productivity and rusticity, it is difficult to the producer maintaining the herd in this blood degree. In Embrapa's Gado de Leite, laboratory in the city of Juiz de Fora, M.G., 266 embryos (F1) were produced in vitro from the oocytes of Gir cows, punched and fecundated with Holstein Friesan bull semen. Out of these, 53 embryos were transferred at natural into recipient cows in the commercial herds indicated by the technicians of a great cooperative of Zona da Mata's area, 72 embryos were transferred into recipients of Embrapa's herds under nutritional and sanitary controls. The remainder 139 embryos were frozen due to the lack of adequate recipient cows. The production of F1 embryos through in vitro fecundation of oocytes from Gir cows with semen from Holstein Friesan bull blastocist production rate of 15,58 %. The pregnance rate obtained was 26.4% in the cows from the commercial herds and 40.2% in the herds of Embrapa Gado de Leite. Considering the birth of 50% female cows, we can estimate a replacement annual rate of 13% (26.2% for gestation) for commercial herds and 20% (40% for pregnancy) for the controlled herd. There were many difficulties encountered in the operation, such as (i) the low level of adoption of technology; (ii) little investment in feeding, handling and sanity conditions of the herds; (iii) conditions capable to compromising the utilization of embryos, which requires a minimum of structure in terms of zoo-technical documentation, observation of rutting and reproduction management.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Fertilization in Vitro , Livestock Industry/analysis , Commerce/statistics & numerical data , Oocytes , Hybrid Vigor/genetics
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 41(11): 978-985, Nov. 2008. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-500368

ABSTRACT

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete a variety of cytokines and growth factors in addition to self-renewal and multiple forms of differentiation. Some of these secreted bioactive factors could improve meiotic maturation in vitro and subsequent embryo developmental potential. The aim of the present study was to determine whether in vitro maturation (IVM) of mouse oocyte with or without cumulus cells could be improved by contact with conditioned medium (CM) of MSCs as well as the efficiency of CM to support follicular growth and oocyte maturation in the ovarian organ of mice cultured on soft agar. The developmental potential of matured oocyte was assessed by blastocyst formation after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Germinal vesicle stage oocytes with or without cumulus cells were subjected to IVM in either CM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), alpha-minimum essential medium (alpha-MEM) or human tubal fluid (HTF). Approximately 120 oocytes were studied for each medium. CM produced a higher maturation rate (91.2%) than DMEM (54.7%), alpha-MEM (63.5%) and HTF (27.1%). Moreover, CM improved embryo development to blastocyst stage significantly more than DMEM and HTF (85 vs 7% and 41.7%, respectively) but there was no significant difference compared with alpha-MEM (85 vs 80.3%). The behavior of cortical granules of IVM oocytes cultured in CM revealed cytoplasmic maturation. Moreover, CM also supported preantral follicles growth well in organotypic culture on soft agar resulting in the maturation of 60% of them to developmentally competent oocytes. The production of estrogen progressively increased approximately 1-fold every other day during organ culture, while a dramatic 10-fold increase in progesterone was observed 17 h after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus at the end of culture. Thus, CM is an effective medium for preantral follicle growth, oocyte maturation, and sequential embryo development.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Pregnancy , Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Oocytes/growth & development , Cumulus Cells/cytology , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Embryonic Development/physiology , Fertilization in Vitro , Meiosis/physiology , Ovarian Follicle/growth & development
12.
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Medical Sciences) ; (6): 579-81, 2007.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-634994

ABSTRACT

To investigate the effect of placental isoferritin (PLF) on mouse embryo development in vitro, mice 2-cell embryos were co-cultured with human first trimester decidual cells at different concentrations of PLF in vitro. The following changes of the above system were observed under an invert microscope and the number of embryos were recorded and the embryos were classified. The results showed there was no significant difference in the percentage of embryos development to 4-cell, 8-cell and morula (P>0.05). PLF at the doses of 10 and 100 U/mL significantly enhanced more embryos development to the blastocyst and hatching blastocyst (P0.05). It was concluded that PLF at the concentration of 10-100 U/mL had no significant effects on the early development of mice embryos, however, PLF could promote the growth, differentiation, and hatching of preimplantation blastocysts.


Subject(s)
Coculture Techniques , Decidua/cytology , Embryo, Mammalian/cytology , Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Embryonic Development/drug effects , Ferritins/isolation & purification , Ferritins/pharmacology , Placenta/chemistry , Tissue Culture Techniques
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